THE BIRTH OF MYCOLOGY
Mycology is the branch of biology that studies fungi in all their forms, including microscopic ones and those we eat.
Initially, the use of fungi was exclusively related to food and folk medicine. Only later did a scientific and intellectual interest develop.
Mycology emerged as an independent discipline between the 16th and 17th centuries, when systematic analysis of fungal flora began. However, it was only with the invention of the microscope that a real leap forward occurred in the study of fungi, especially those invisible to the naked eye.
Over time, mycology has evolved from studying toxic and poisonous fungi – fundamental for food safety – to embracing broader fields such as medicine, pharmacology, cosmetics, and agri-food.
Today, in Italy, mycology is closely linked to the recognition of wild mushrooms intended for human consumption, environmental protection, and compliance with regional and national regulations.
THE LAW IN ITALY
In Italy, the role of the professional mycologist is defined by Law No. 352 of August 23, 1993, which regulates the collection and commercialization of spontaneous epigeous mushrooms (those that grow above the ground).
The law establishes that anyone selling fresh or preserved mushrooms must have them inspected by a mycologist registered in the official lists of the local health authorities (ASL) or the Regions.
The mycologist therefore has a health control role: certifying that the mushrooms are edible, safe, and correctly identified for sale or distribution.
Those who do not comply with these rules risk heavy penalties, to protect public health.
HOW TO BECOME A MYCOLOGIST
To become a mycologist in Italy, you need study, field experience, and an official exam.
The typical path includes:
- Participation in specific courses recognized by the Regions (usually lasting at least 300 hours);
- Practical activity in identifying fungal species;
- Passing a final theoretical and practical exam before a regional commission.
Once certified, you are registered on an official list and can work as a professional mycologist with public institutions (such as local health authorities - ASL), markets, food companies, or as a private consultant.
WHAT A MYCOLOGIST DOES
A mycologist is much more than just a mushroom expert: they play a fundamental role in various areas related to food safety, scientific outreach, and public health. In particular:
- They recognize and classify different fungal species, even in complex or ambiguous contexts;
- They inspect fresh, dried, preserved, or frozen mushrooms before commercialization;
- They issue health certifications for mushrooms intended for sale or consumption;
- They conduct educational and outreach activities for both professionals and enthusiasts;
- They collaborate with hospitals and poison control centers in cases of poisoning, to identify the ingested species and help set up the correct treatment.
In my case, at Nespoli Funghi, I am the mycologist myself: I check, select, and guarantee every single mushroom and truffle before it reaches the customer’s table, and in my free time, I enjoy writing here because mushrooms are not just a job for me.
WHY THE ROLE OF THE MYCOLOGIST IS IMPORTANT
Mushrooms are fascinating and delicious, but they can become dangerous if not accurately identified.
In Italy, about 40,000 cases of mushroom poisoning are reported each year, sometimes with severe outcomes, including deaths and organ transplants.
Many toxic or even deadly species resemble edible ones: a misidentification can be costly.
The mycologist is therefore a key figure: they ensure food safety, enhance valuable species, and protect consumer health.
MYCOLOGICAL CONTROL BY ATS BERGAMO
ATS Bergamo, through the Mycological Inspectorate, offers a free mycological consultation service to ensure the safety of mushrooms that are collected, received as gifts, or purchased outside commercial channels.
The service includes the inspection of fungal species to verify their edibility.
It is mandatory to book an appointment by phone or through the platform HERE.
The main mycological offices are:
- Bergamo
- Treviglio
- Trescore Balneario
